MANGROVES OF ANDAMANS

MANGROVES OF ANDAMANS

DISTRIBUTION OF MANGROVE SPECIES ALONG THE MIDDLE, SOUTH AND LITTLE ANDAMANS

Name of the species	Middle Andaman	South Andaman	Little Andaman	T	H	S	C	Common	Frequent	Rare
Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl.	-	+	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	+
A. ilicifolius L.	+	+	+	-	-	+	-	-	+	-
A. volubilis Wall.	-	+	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	+
Acrostichum aureum L.	+	+	+	-	-	+	-	+	-	-
A. speciosum Willd.	-	+	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	+
Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) Blanco	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	+	-
Avicennia alba Blume.	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	+	-
A. marina (Forsk.) Vierh.	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	+	-	-
A. officinalis L.	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	+	-
Bruguiera cylindrica (L.) Bl.	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	+	-	-
B. gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk.	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	+	-	-
B. parviflora Wt. & Arn. ex Griff.	-	+	+	+	-	-	-	+	-	-
B. sexangula (Lour.) Poir.	+	-	+	+	-	-	-	-	+	-
Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb.	+	+	+	-	-	-	+	+	-	-
C. cristata L.	+	+	+	-	-	-	+	-	+	-
Cerbera manghas L.	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	+	-
Ceriops decandra (Griff.) Ding Hou	+	+	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	+
C. tagal (Perr.) Rob.	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	+	-	-
Clerodendrum inerme Gaertn.	+	+	+	-	-	+	-	+	-	-
Cynometra iripa Kostel	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	+	-
Derris scandens (Roxb.) Benth.	+	+	+	-	-	-	+	+	-	-
D. heterophylla (Willd.) Back.& Bakh.	+	+	+	-	-	-	+	+	-	-
Dischidia bengalensis Coleb.	+	+	+	-	-	-	+	+	-	-
Dolichandrone spathacea (L.f.) K. Schum.	-	+	+	+	-	-	-	+	-	-
Excoecaria agallocha L.	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	+	-
Fimbristylis ferruginea (L.) Vahl.	+	+	+	-	-	-	+	-	+	-
Finlaysonia obovata Wall.	+	+	+	-	-	-	+	-	+	-
Flagellaria indica L.	+	+	+	-	-	-	+	+	-	-
Heritiera littoralis Dryan	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	+	-
Hibiscus tiliaceus L.	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	+	-
Hoya parasitica (Roxb.) Wall.	+	+	+	-	-	-	+	-	+	-
Intsia bijuga (Colebr.) O. Kunt.	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	+	-
Lumnitzera littorea (Jack.) Voigt	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	+	-	-
L. racemosa Willd.	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	+	-
Mucuna gigantea (Willd.) DC.	+	+	+	-	-	-	+	-	+	-
Nypa fruticans (Thunb.) Wurrub.	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	+	-
Phoenix paludosa Roxb.	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	+	-
Rhizophora apiculata Bl.	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	+	-	-
R. mucronata Lamk.	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	+	-	-
R. stylosa Griff.	-	+	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	+
Sarcolobus globosus Wall.	-	+	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	+
Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea Gaertn. f.	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	+	-
Sonneratia alba J. Smith	-	+	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	+
S. caseolaris (L.) Engl.	+	+	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	+
S. griffithii Kurz	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	+	-
Thespesia populnea (L.) Sol. ex Correa	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	+	-	-
Xylocarpus granatum Koen.	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	+	-	-
X. mekongensis Pierre	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	+	-	-
X. moluccensis (Lamk.) M. Roem	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	+	-	-

Members of mangrove species, which are found along the East Coast & West Coast but, not reported from the Andaman Islands.

1. Aegialitis rotundifolia Roxb. 2. Aglaia cucullata (Roxb.) Pellegrin

3. Avicennia marina var. acutissima Stapf. & Mold. 4. Brownlowia tersa (L.) Kosterm

5. Cryptocoryne ciliata (Roxb.) Schott 6. Urochondra setulosa C.E. Hubb.

7. Heritiera fomis Buch.-Ham. 8. Heritiera kanikensis Mj. et Ban

9. Ipomoea tuba (Schl.) G. Don* 10. Merope angulata (Willd.) Swingle

11. Myriostachya wightiana (Nees ex Steud.) Hook. f. 12. Porteresia coarctata (Roxb.) Tateoka

13. Salvadora persica L. 14. Sarcolobus carinatus Wall.

14. Scirpus littoralis Schrad. 15. Sonneratia apetala Buch.-Ham.

16. Thespesia populneoides (Roxb.) Kostel 17. Tylophora tenuis Bl.*

18. Rhizophora annamalaiensis Kath.

*Species reported from Nicobar Islands but absent in the Andamans.

Number of mangrove species occurring in Andaman Islands but not reported from Indian Mainland.

1. Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl.

2. Acrostichum speciosum Willd.

3. Lumnitzera littorea (Jack.) Voigt.

4. Xylocarpus moluccensis (Lamk.) Roem

List of orchids found in the Andaman mangroves.

South Andaman & Middle Andaman Little Andaman

Bulbophyllum sp. Bulbophyllum sp

Coelogynae sp. Dendrobium anceps Sw.

Cymbidium aloifolium Sw. Dendrobium crumenatum Sw.

Cymbidium sp. Cymbidium sp.

Dendrobium crumenatum Sw. Eria bractescens Lindl.

Eria bractescens Lindl. Pholidota sp.

Pholidota imbricata Lindl.

DIRECT BENEFITS FROM THE MANGROVES BY TRIBALS & NONTRIBALS (Field observation)

No.	Plants	Parts used	Used for	Used by
1	Acanthus ilicifolius	Fruit pulp	blood purifier	Onge & Nicobarese
2	Acrostichum aureum	Leaves & rhizomes	Food & medicine	Locals, Jarwas & Burmese settlers
3	Aegiceras corniculatum	Leaves Flowers	Sweet extract Food	Onge Onge
4	Avicennia marina	Leaves Fruits Stem	Fodder Fish Bait Firewood, Charcoal for heating coconut shells for extracting the copra.	Locals, Nicobarese, Onge, and Burmese settlers.
5	Bruguiera gymnorrhiza Bruguiera cylindrica	Fruits Poles Tannin Dye Adhesive Wood Hypocotyle Knee roots	Food Poles For tanning For painting Adhesive Driftwood art Food Scented condiments	Onge Locals Onge & Jarwa Locals, Nicobarese & Burmese settlers
6	Cerbera manghas	Fruits	Medicine for Diarrhoea	Locals, Nicobarese, and Onge
7	Ceriops tagal	Hypocotyle Bark Wood	Food Tannin for fishing nets. Fire wood, Charcoal & House building material	Onge Local Fishermen, Nicobarese & Burmese settlers Locals, Burmese and Nicobarese
8	Dischidia bengalensis	Boiled leaf juice	As ear drop	Nicobarese
9	Dolichandrone spathacea	Flowers & fruits	Food	Burmese settlers
10	Excoecaria agallocha	Soft wood Poisonous sap	Fish float For poisoning Arrowheads	Local & Nicobarese Onge
11	Flagellaria indica	stem	Food	Burmese
12	Heritiera littoralis	leaves twigs	Tea substitute For bow and arrow making	Onge
13	Hibiscus tiliaceus	Fibres	Rope	Locals, Andamanese and Burmese settlers
14	Lumnitzera littorea	Wood	Fire wood and Good Quality of charcoal	Locals and Nico
15	Nypa fruticans	leaves	Thatching	Onge, Nicobarese and Shompen
16	Rhizophora apiculata and Rhizophora mucronata	Hypocotyle Wood Bark	Food Driftwood art Decoction used for curing Diarrhoea, Neck inflammation, Dysentery, and Rheumatism	Onge Locals Onge, Nicobarese, Burmese And Locals
17	Sarcolobus globosus	Leaves & Roots	Stopping haemorrhage	Burmese & Nicobarese
18	Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea	Wood Leaf juice	Fuel Externally applied for removing headache	Locals, Nicobarese & Burmese Onge
19	Sonneratia griffithii	Fruit	Fermented juice for checking haemorrhage and fresh juice for increasing eye power	Locals, Burmese and Nicobarese
20	Thespesia populnea	Fruit extract	Against constipation	Nicobarese
21	Tylophora indica	Leaf extract	Against body pain	Nicobarese & Onge
22	Xylocarpus granatum	Fruit Bark	Paste used to relieve breast tumour Paste used against cholera	Burmese, Locals and Nicobarese

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Acrostichum aureum L.

-

South Andaman & Middle Andaman Little Andaman

Acrostichum aureum

Aegiceras corniculatum

Avicennia marina

Bruguiera gymnorrhiza

Bruguiera cylindrica

Ceriops tagal

Flagellaria indica

Nypa fruticans

Rhizophora apiculata

and

Rhizophora mucronata

Sarcolobus globosus

Thespesia populnea

Tylophora indica

Xylocarpus granatum